Diplomat for 40 years with predominantly multilateral inter-governmental experience, Ibrahim SALAMA also served as independent expert within human rights mechanisms and chaired the UN working group on the Right to Development. As chief of the Human Rights Treaties Branch of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights since 2007 (OHCHR). After chairing the UN Secretariat of the Durban review Conference in 2009, he coordinated an OHCHR initiative on the prohibition of incitement to hatred. It led to the Rabat Plan of Action that defined the threshold distinguishing hate speech from free speech.